Epidemic , Endemic, Pandemic
Endemic is defined as the usual occurrence of a disease within a
population. In contrast, an epidemic is a sudden and great increase in
the occurrence of a disease within a population. It may also be the
first occurrence of an entirely new disease. An epidemic can give rise
to a pandemic,
which is a rapidly emerging outbreak of a disease that affects
populations across a wide geographical area. Pandemics often are
worldwide in scope. As an illustration of the three types: small numbers
of people may be affected by influenza
throughout the year in a large city; those individuals would be
considered endemic cases of the disease. If the number of people
affected by influenza in the same city increases to high levels in the
winter, the outbreak would be considered an epidemic. If a new variety
of influenza emerges and affects people throughout the world, the
outbreak would be considered a pandemic. An example of a pandemic is the
influenza pandemic of 1918–19, which spread to countries worldwide and killed an estimated 20 million–50 million people.
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